|
Abnormality Management
|
Being able to see and quickly take action to correct abnormalities (any straying from Standard Work). This is the goal of standardization and visual management. Continuous waste elimination and problem solving through kaizen are only possible when the abnormalities are visible.
|
|
Accuracy
|
Instrument accuracy is the difference between the observed average value of measurement on a test piece or process, and the master value for the same test piece or process
|
|
Activity Based Management - ABM
|
Activities managed based on ABC costing.
|
|
Activity Based Costing - ABC
|
A management accounting system that assigns cost to products based on the resources used to perform a process (design, order entry, production, etc). These resources include floor space, raw materials, energy, machine time, labor, etc.
|
|
Affinity Diagram
|
A process to organize information by placing it on cards and grouping the cards that go together in a creative way. Header cards are then used to summarize each group of cards.
|
|
Alternate Hypothesis
|
A hypothesis which one is trying to prove. Contrast to Null Hypothesis
|
|
Andon
|
A system of flashing lights used to indicate production status in one or more work centers; the number of lights and their possible colors can vary, even by work center within a plant; however, the traditional colors and their meanings are:
green - no problems
yellow - situation requires attention
red - production stopped; attention urgently needed
|
|
Andon Board
|
A visual control device in a production area, typically a lighted overhead display or board. Andons are used to give the current status of the production system and alert team members to emerging problems or abnormal situations.
|
|
ANOG
|
Analysis of Good – Analysis technique to sort data from best to worst to identify visual trends in the test matrix.
|
|
ANOM
|
Analysis of Means – Analogous to ANOVA only looking at the difference of Means, usually in a graphical format.
|
|
ANOVA
|
Analysis of Variance – a basic statistical technique for analyzing experimental data. It subdivides the total variation of a data set into meaningful component parts associated with specific sources of variation in order to test a hypothesis on the parameters of the model or to estimate variance components. There are three models; fixed, random and mixed.
|
|
AOP
|
Annual Operating Plan – Basically plan that a site/SBU/SBE is measured to.
|
|
AQL
|
Acceptance Quality Level – when a continuing series of lots is considered, a quality level that, for the purposes of sampling inspection, is the limit of a satisfactory process average.
|
|
Attribute Data
|
Typically go / no-go information (yes/no, good/bad…). The control charts based on attribute data include percent chart, number of affected units chart, count chart, count per unit chart.
|
|
Autonomation
|
“Automation with a human touch”. A system in which machinery automatically inspects each item after processing it and ceases production if a defect is detected.
(English translation of Jidohka) - a form of automation in which machinery automatically inspects each item after producing it, ceasing production and notifying humans if a defect is detected; Toyota expands the meaning of jidohka to include the responsibility of all workers to function similarly, i.e. to check every item produced and to make no more if a defect is detected, until the cause of the defect has been identified and corrected.
|
|
Average Chart
|
A control chart in which the subgroup average, X-bar, is used to evaluate the stability of the process level.
|
